{"id":1115,"date":"2026-07-31T03:37:21","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yinweisuoyi.com\/a\/1115.html"},"modified":"2026-07-31T03:37:21","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T19:37:21","slug":"%e6%98%9f%e5%ba%a7%e5%9b%be%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%8a%e9%ab%98%e7%bb%b4%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%94%bb%e6%88%90%e6%98%9f%e7%a9%ba%e7%9a%84%e9%82%a3%e7%82%b9%e4%ba%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yinweisuoyi.com\/a\/1115.html","title":{"rendered":"\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\uff1a\u628a\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u753b\u6210\u661f\u7a7a\u7684\u90a3\u70b9\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u90a3\u5929\u6df1\u591c\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u7ffb\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9ebb\u9ebb 2000 \u591a\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u76ef\u5f97\u773c\u775b\u53d1\u9178\u3002\u968f\u624b\u8dd1\u4e86\u4e2a\u805a\u7c7b\uff0c\u60f3\u7740\u753b\u4e2a PCA \u4ea4\u5dee\u2014\u2014\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\u7cca\u6210\u4e00\u56e2\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u7136\u540e\u540c\u4e8b\u6254\u7ed9\u6211\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u201c\u8bd5\u8bd5\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\u5427\u3002\u201d \u6211\u6123\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\uff1f\u90a3\u73a9\u610f\u513f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5929\u6587\u9986\u91cc\u53d1\u7684\u661f\u5ea7\u76d8\u5417\uff1f<\/p>

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\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\uff08Constellation Plot\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u70b9\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u90bb\u8fd1\u5173\u7cfb\u8fde\u7ebf\u3001\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u661f\u5ea7\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong> \u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u52a8\u4e0d\u52a8\u5c31\u8c08 t-SNE\u3001UMAP \u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5b83\u50cf\u4e2a\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u7684\u8001\u62bd\u5c49\u2014\u2014\u5076\u7136\u62c9\u5f00\uff0c\u5374\u7ffb\u51fa\u610f\u5916\u597d\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>

\u8bf4\u7a7f\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u201d\uff0c\u753b\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u529b\u5bfc\u5411\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u628a\u70b9\u7529\u5230\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u679d\u679d\u6860\u6860\uff0c\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u730e\u6237\u5ea7\u7684\u8170\u5e26\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5927\u718a\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u2014\u2014\u96be\u602a\u53eb\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\u3002<\/p>

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8dd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u949f<\/h2>\n\n
\"\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8dd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u949f\"
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8dd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u949f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\u6700\u8be1\u5f02\u4e5f\u6700\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u5b83\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6d41\u5f62\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002<\/strong> PCA \u53ea\u6293\u5168\u5c40\u65b9\u5dee\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u628a\u5c40\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u62b9\u5e73\u4e86\u3002t-SNE \u5012\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u90a3\u4e2a\u8c03\u53c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\uff0c\u6bd4\u54c4\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u8fd8\u96be\u3002\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u9009\u597d\u8ddd\u79bb\u5ea6\u91cf\u548c\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u628a\u201c\u90bb\u5c45\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u8001\u8001\u5b9e\u5b9e\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fde\u7ebf\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u4fbf\u753b\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u9ad8\u7ef4\u90bb\u8fd1\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u957f\u957f\u7684\u201c\u60ac\u81c2\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u6e10\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u50cf\u5149\u8c31\u4e00\u6837\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002<\/p>

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\u8c03\u53c2\u4e09\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56fe\u5f62<\/h2>

\u6211\u7528\u7684 R\uff0c\u5305\u662f cluster<\/code> \u91cc\u81ea\u5e26\u7684 clara.plot<\/code>\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u7ffb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb Constellation<\/code> \u7684\u5c0f\u4f17\u5305\u3002\u753b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u53ea\u82b1\u4e86 5 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u53ef\u540e\u6765\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u56fe\u201c\u80fd\u770b\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u8c03\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5348\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u5ea6\u91cf\uff08Euclidean\u3001Manhattan \u8fd8\u662f Cosine\uff09<\/strong> \u548c \u90bb\u5c45\u6570\u91cf\u9608\u503c\uff08k \u503c\uff09<\/strong>\u3002k \u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u56fe\u4f1a\u788e\u6210\u4e00\u5730\u9e21\u6bdb\uff1bk \u592a\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u70b9\u90fd\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u50cf\u4e2a\u6bdb\u7ebf\u56e2\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6743\u91cd\u8870\u51cf\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014\u9ad8\u65af\u6838\u8fd8\u662f t-\u5206\u5e03\uff1f\u9009\u9519\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u6000\u7591\u4eba\u751f\u3002<\/p>

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\"\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u6848\u4f8b\"
\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u6848\u4f8b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u522b\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4e07\u80fd\u94a5\u5319<\/h2>

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\"\u7528R\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed8\u5236\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\"
\u7528R\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed8\u5236\u661f\u5ea7\u56fe\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6253\u7b97\u52a8\u624b\uff0c\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u4ece R \u5165\u624b\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u622a\u56fe\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u8c03\u7528 plot.constella \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u90a3\u4e2a linkage<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u70b9\u662f\u6309\u5355\u94fe\u63a5\u8fd8\u662f\u5168\u94fe\u63a5\u6765\u8fde\u8fb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>

\u7ed3\u5c3e\u626f\u4e2a\u95f2\u7bc7<\/h2>\n\n
\"\u7ed3\u5c3e\u626f\u4e2a\u95f2\u7bc7\"
\u7ed3\u5c3e\u626f\u4e2a\u95f2\u7bc7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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